Microgreens: India’s Next-Gen Superfoods from Farm to Plate

Microgreen farming refers to cultivating tiny, immature plants that are harvested when they are only 2-3 inches tall, typically within 6 to 10 days of sowing. These young greens, derived from vegetable and herb seeds, contain fully formed cotyledons and sometimes the first true leaves. Known for their vibrant colors, rich flavors, and concentrated nutrients, microgreens are highly sought-after for enhancing the taste and visual appeal of culinary dishes.

What is Microgreen Farming? 

The edible parts of microgreens include the stem, leaves, and cotyledons, all of which are densely packed with nutrients that support the plant’s full lifecycle. Microgreens are usually grown in trays or pots using simple techniques. As a form of urban farming, they are easy to cultivate and cost-effective, making them an excellent choice for home growers and small-scale farmers.

Origin of Microgreen Farming

Microgreen farming began gaining popularity in the 1980s when chefs in San Francisco first introduced these greens to their menus. By the 1990s, they became increasingly popular in Southern California. Today, microgreens are classified as "superfoods" or "functional foods," prized for their high nutrient density and culinary versatility.

Basic Steps for Growing Microgreens

1. Prepare a shallow tray (3-4 inches deep) filled with soil suitable for shallow-rooted plants.

2. Scatter the seeds evenly across the surface. Precise spacing isn't necessary, and you can mix seeds of different crops.

3. Lightly cover the seeds with a thin layer of soil and gently pat it down. Keep the soil moist using a spray bottle.

4. Allow the seeds to germinate at room temperature for about two days, then shift the tray to a sunny location with at least 3-4 hours of sunlight daily.

5. Water gently twice a day. In a few days, tiny shoots and leaves will emerge.

6. When plants grow 2-3 inches tall, they are ready for harvest. Trim them just above the root zone using scissors.

7. Wash them thoroughly with cold water and use them fresh for the best taste and nutritional value.

Types of Microgreen Farming

Kitchen or Indoor Microgreen Cultivation:

1. Growing Trays (Coconut Husk or Plastic): Microgreens can be grown using trays made from coconut husk or plastic. These trays act as the base where seeds are placed and provide the necessary support for the young plants to develop.

2. Water Spray Bottle : A spray bottle is used to gently water the microgreens without disturbing the fragile seedlings. This helps maintain the right level of moisture in the growing medium, ensuring healthy germination and growth.

Hydroponic Microgreen Cultivation

Hydroponics offers a soil-free method for growing microgreens. In this setup, seeds are grown in shallow trays or channels where their roots directly absorb nutrients from a water-based solution.

1. Nutrient Solution : A properly balanced solution containing both macro and micronutrients is essential for the healthy growth of hydroponic microgreens. This solution provides all the essential elements required by the plants.

2. Water Circulation & Aeration:  Hydroponic systems are equipped with water pumps and aeration devices. These components help distribute nutrients evenly and supply oxygen to the roots, supporting vigorous plant development.

3. Grow Lights:  Since hydroponic microgreens are often grown indoors where sunlight may be limited, artificial grow lights are used to provide the light energy needed for photosynthesis.

4. Monitoring pH and EC:  It is vital to regularly check and adjust the pH and electrical conductivity (EC) of the nutrient solution to maintain ideal growth conditions.

Crop-Specific Recommendations

Crop	Seed Quantity (per 10x10 inch tray)	Sowing Depth (inches)	Harvesting Time
Carrot	1-2 tablespoons	0.25	7-10 Days
Alfalfa	2-3 tablespoons	0.2	7-9 Days
Flax	2-3 tablespoons	0.25	8-10 Days
Lettuce Green	1-2 tablespoons	0.25	7-9 Days
Spinach	2-3 tablespoons	0.2	10-14 Days
Radish Desi	3-4 tablespoons	0.25	7-10 Days
Cabbage	2-3 tablespoons	0.2	9-12 Days
Amaranth	2-3 tablespoons	0.25	9-12 Days

Benefits of Microgreen Farming

Microgreen farming gained momentum during the COVID-19 pandemic as people became more health-conscious and eco-friendly. Some of its key benefits include:

1. Microgreen cultivation consumes much less water than conventional farming, making it a sustainable option for areas facing water shortages and for eco-friendly growers.

2. These tiny greens have a fast growth cycle, often ready to harvest within two to three weeks, providing a quick source of fresh, nutritious food.

3. Microgreens can be cultivated without soil, utilizing hydroponic or other soilless systems, reducing the need for large farming areas and making indoor production feasible.

4. Their small size and minimal space requirements make microgreens ideal for urban gardening or compact spaces, perfect for city residents and home gardeners.

5. As microgreens grow quickly and indoors, they generally do not need chemical pesticides or herbicides, resulting in safer, chemical-free produce.

6. Compared to fully mature crops, microgreens require fewer fertilizers, making them a more sustainable and cost-efficient farming choice.

7. Research has shown that microgreens often contain higher levels of essential nutrients, such as vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, making them a powerful addition to a healthy diet.

8. Microgreens are highly adaptable and can be grown in places with limited space, remote areas, or high altitudes where traditional agriculture may be challenging due to climate or space constraints.

Why Are Microgreens So Popular?

Microgreens appeal to health-focused individuals due to their exceptional nutritional profile. They beautify indoor spaces like kitchens and balconies and require minimal investment. With simple techniques and reusable materials, microgreen farming is easy for beginners and cost-effective in the long term.

Ways to Use Microgreens in the Diet

Microgreens can make up over 30% of a healthy diet. Grown from cereals, pulses, and vegetables like rice, chickpeas, and lentils, they can enhance the flavor and nutritional profile of salads, soups, sandwiches, pizzas, and more. Food industries and labs have started incorporating microgreens into products like cookies, snacks, and noodles.

Microgreen Farming in India

Urban centers like Delhi, Mumbai, and Bengaluru have embraced microgreen farming, often called kitchen gardening. This method allows people living in small apartments to access fresh, chemical-free greens easily. It provides a sustainable solution for urban nutrition, blending modern technology with traditional growing practices.

Opportunities in Microgreen Farming Business

• Commercial Farming:  Supply to restaurants, markets, and retailers.

• Education:  Conduct workshops and sell DIY kits.

• E-commerce:  Offer fresh microgreens, seeds, and equipment through online platforms.

• Value-added Products:   Develop salad mixes, condiments, or snacks.

• Sustainable Branding:  Promote eco-friendly, organic products.

• Collaborations:  Work with chefs and restaurants for specialty greens.

• Export: Explore global markets for microgreens.

Nutritional Value and Health Benefits

Plant Variety	Key Nutrients	Health Benefits
Wheat & Barley Microgreens	Chlorophyll, Carotenoids	Supports detoxification and overall health.
Spinach Microgreens	Folate, Vitamin C, Carotenoids	Helps reduce oxidative stress and boost immunity.
Lentil & Mung Microgreens	Antioxidants, Flavonoids, Vitamin C	Protect cells from damage, with anti-inflammatory benefits.
Alfalfa, Fenugreek, Daikon Radish	Polyamines, Flavonoids	Supports cellular health and longevity.
Brassica Microgreens	Phenolic Compounds	Reduces inflammation and chronic disease risk.
Amaranthus Microgreens	Beta-carotene, Alpha-carotene	Enhances vision and skin health through Vitamin A synthesis.
Broccoli Microgreens	Copper, Magnesium, Manganese, Zinc	Supports metabolism, immunity, and bone health.
Green Lettuce Microgreens	Iron, Calcium, Selenium, Magnesium	Aids in immune function and bone strength.

Conclusion

Microgreen farming is a simple yet powerful way to promote sustainable, fresh, and nutrient-dense food production, especially in urban settings. Microgreens are packed with essential nutrients, antioxidants, and bioactive compounds, making them an excellent choice for healthy living. Additionally, this farming practice creates job opportunities, from small home businesses to commercial enterprises, promoting economic growth alongside wellness.